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| Caffeine |
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Ketorolac
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Caffeine is a widely used legal stimulant. Most caffeine is consumed in beverages,
e.g., coffee and tea. In some cases, however, the effects of caffeine may be used to treat serious disease and is administered intravenously. In one recent investigation Baraloo
et al. (2016) compared the use of intravenously administered caffeine with that of ketorolac, also administered intravenously. The authors concluded that "Caffeine is as effective as ketorolac and can be a reasonable first line abortive medication in emergency department management of acute migraine."
Sometimes withdrawal headaches are caused when individuals, who typically consume substantial amounts of caffeine containing beverages, abruptly stop this practice. Thus it is interesting that, in some cases, caffeine can be used to treat headaches. The mechanisms by which this occurs is not completely clear.
Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Like aspirin, ketorolac is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and thus inhibits the synthesis of prostgalandins and the attendant pain response due to their synthesis.
Baratloo, A., Bafarani, S. A., Forouzanfar, M. M., Hashemi, B., Friedman, B. W., & Abdalvand, A. (2016). Intravenous caffeine versus intravenous ketorolac for the management of moderate to severe migraine headache. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 11(2), 428-432.
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